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70 hot topic(s) found with the query "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"

Detection of subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
George Joy et al. Nature reviews. Cardiology 2023 3 (Posted: Mar 09, 2023 1PM)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by ventricular hypertrophy. However, the broader phenotype includes abnormal cardiomyocyte orientation (disarray), myocardial ischaemia and electrical abnormalities, which seem to manifest before overt hypertrophy. With advances in cascade genetic testing and novel therapeutic agents, the detection of subclinical HCM is a rapidly emerging priority. In this context, we outline the role of novel biomarkers, particularly quantitative perfusion and diffusion tensor MRI.

CRISPR gene-editing therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Alanna Strong et al. Nature medicine 2023 2 (Posted: Feb 17, 2023 6AM)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary cardiac disorder characterized by abnormal heart muscle thickening and caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. HCM often presents during young adulthood and can progress to heart failure, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Pre-symptomatic gene editing in preclinical models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shows therapeutic promise; clinical studies are now needed to assess safety and efficacy in humans.

Benefits, Harms and Costs of Newborn Genetic Screening for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Estimates from the PreEMPT Model
KD Chrisiensen et al, Genetics in Medicine, January 31, 2023 (Posted: Feb 01, 2023 6AM)

In a cohort of 3.7 million newborns, newborn genetic screening would reduce HCM-related deaths through age 20 by 44 (95% uncertainty interval (95% UI): 10 to 103) but increase the numbers of children undergoing surveillance by 8,127 (95% UI, 6,308 to 9,664). Compared to usual care, newborn genetic screening costs $267,000 per life-year saved (95% UI, $106,000 to $919,000 per life-year saved). Newborn genetic screening for HCM could prevent deaths but at a high cost and would require many healthy children to undergo surveillance.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Family Health History of Sudden Death
CDC, December 2022 (Posted: Dec 08, 2022 9AM)

If you have a family member, especially a parent, sibling, or child, who died suddenly before age 40, let your doctor know. You might need to be screened for HCM, a genetic condition that causes the heart muscle to become thick and can lead to sudden death. While some people with HCM are very sick, many people, especially children, teens, and young adults, have no or few symptoms and may not know they have a heart problem. Sharing your family history with your doctor can help you and other relatives find HCM early.

Genetic Basis of Childhood Cardiomyopathy
RD Bagnall et al, Circ Genomics Prec Medicine, October 12, 2022 (Posted: Oct 12, 2022 8AM)

We recruited children from a pediatric cardiology service or genetic heart diseases clinic. We performed Sanger, gene panel, exome or genome sequencing and classified variants for pathogenicity using American College of Molecular Genetics and Genomics guidelines. The highest genetic testing diagnostic yields were in restrictive cardiomyopathy (n=16, 80%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=65, 66%), and lowest in dilated cardiomyopathy (n=26, 29%) and left ventricular noncompaction (n=3, 25%). Pathogenic variants were primarily found in genes encoding sarcomere proteins, with TNNT2 and TNNI3 variants associated with more severe clinical outcomes.

Rare and Common Genetic Variation Underlying the Risk of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a National Biobank.
Biddinger Kiran J et al. JAMA cardiology 2022 5 (Posted: May 19, 2022 10AM)

What are the contributions of rare and common genetic variation to risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? In this cohort study, rare variants in 14 genes prioritized by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics conferred the greatest risk of HCM, while a common variant (polygenic) score accounted for the greatest proportion of HCM susceptibility. Together, rare variants and the polygenic score enhanced the prediction of incident HCM when added to clinical factors.

Targeting the sarcomere in inherited cardiomyopathies
SJ Lehman, et al, Nat Rev Cardiology, March 18, 2022 (Posted: Mar 20, 2022 0PM)

Variants in >12 genes encoding sarcomeric proteins can cause various cardiomyopathies. The two most common are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Current therapeutics do not target the root causes of these diseases, but attempt to prevent disease progression and/or to manage symptoms. Accordingly, novel approaches are being developed to treat the cardiac muscle dysfunction directly. Challenges to developing therapeutics for these diseases include the diverse mechanisms of pathogenesis, some of which are still being debated and defined. Four small molecules that modulate the myosin motor protein in the cardiac sarcomere have shown great promise in the settings of HCM and DCM, regardless of the underlying genetic pathogenesis, and similar approaches are being developed to target other components of the sarcomere.

Minor hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes, major insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathies.
Walsh Roddy et al. Nature reviews. Cardiology 2021 9 (3) 151-167 (Posted: Feb 27, 2022 10AM)

Cardiomyopathies are often inherited diseases, but highly variable penetrance and the lack of Mendelian genetic variants in substantial numbers of patients increasingly suggests a complex genetic etiology. Genome-wide association studies have identified large overlaps in significant loci for cardiomyopathies and left ventricular traits, with opposite effects (risk or protective alleles) observed for hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Variants in genes encoding non-sarcomeric proteins account for a small proportion of patients with Mendelian hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but are the presumed causal genes at several genome-wide association study loci, expanding their role in cardiomyopathy genetics.These genes have complex genotype–phenotype correlations.

Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Maron Barry J et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2022 79(4) 372-389 (Posted: Feb 01, 2022 8AM)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively common often inherited global heart disease, with complex phenotypic and genetic expression and natural history, affecting both genders and many races and cultures. Prevalence is 1:200-1:500, largely based on the disease phenotype with imaging, inferring that 750,000 Americans may be affected by HCM. However, cross-sectional data show that only a fraction are clinically diagnosed, suggesting under-recognition, with most clinicians exposed to small segments of the broad disease spectrum. Highly effective HCM management strategies have emerged, altering clinical course and substantially lowering mortality and morbidity rates.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Public Health: An Expanding List of Tier 1 Genomic Applications
CDC Seminar Announcement, January 27, 2022 Brand (Posted: Nov 22, 2021 11AM)

This seminar will briefly describe the CDC Tier-Classified Guideline Database, which currently includes three Tier 1 guidelines (the latest published less than one year ago, in December, 2020) addressing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The primary focus of the seminar will be on the genetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the nexus between genetics and clinical traits. A short primer on the disease process for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will also be included.

An Expanding List of Tier 1 Genomic Applications: Evidence-based Guidelines for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Public Health
MA Burke et al, CDC Blog, October 6,2021 Brand (Posted: Oct 07, 2021 6AM)

The CDC Tier-Classified Guideline Database includes three Tier 1 guidelines on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A 2014 guideline from the European Society of Cardiology, a 2017 guideline from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and Heart Rhythm Society, and a 2020 guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology all recommend genetic testing for patients meeting diagnostic criteria for HCM. Each includes recommendations for evaluation of family history, cascade genetic testing in relatives, and genetic counseling of affected individuals.

Valsartan in early-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomized phase 2 trial
CY Ho et al, Nature Medicine, September 23, 2021 (Posted: Sep 24, 2021 6AM)

Valsartan (n?=?88) improved cardiac structure and function compared to placebo (n?=?90), as reflected by an increase in the composite z-score (between-group difference +0.231, 95% confidence interval (+0.098, +0.364); P?=?0.001), which met the primary endpoint of the study. Treatment was well-tolerated. These results indicate a key opportunity to attenuate disease progression in early-stage sarcomeric HCM with an accessible and safe medication.

Cascade health service use in family members following genetic testing in children: a scoping literature review
A Cernat et al, EJHG, August 26, 2021 (Posted: Aug 27, 2021 7AM)

Uptake of cascade testing varied across diseases, from 37% for cystic fibrosis, 39% to 65% for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 90% for rare monogenic conditions. Two studies evaluated costs. It was concluded that cascade testing in the child-to-parent direction has been reported in a variety of diseases, and that understanding the scope of cascade testing will aid in the design and conduct of HTA of emerging genetic technologies to better inform funding and policy decisions.

Genetic Variants Associated With Unexplained Sudden Cardiac Death in Adult White and African American Individuals
L Guo et al, JAMA Cardiology, June 2, 2021 (Posted: Jun 02, 2021 10PM)

In this genetic association study of 413 adults who had unexplained SCD, nearly one-fifth of individuals had pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants consistent with inherited cardiomyopathies or arrhythmia syndromes, despite having normal cardiac findings. These clinically significant variants were predominantly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and long QT syndrome.

An Integrated Review of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Black Populations: Underrecognized and Understudied.
Arabadjian Milla et al. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing 36(2) 104-115 (Posted: Feb 16, 2021 9AM)

Lack of diversity in general genomic databases has resulted in reclassification of several genetic variants identified as more common in blacks.Blacks are underrepresented in HCM research, even those focused on elucidating HCM manifestations, disease course, and outcomes in black populations. This may be due in part to HCM research that is largely generated from specialty centers that can require patients to navigate complex healthcare systems to reach expert HCM care.

Common genetic variants and modifiable risk factors underpin hypertrophic cardiomyopathy susceptibility and expressivity.
Harper Andrew R et al. Nature genetics 2021 Jan (Posted: Jan 27, 2021 9AM)

A genome-wide association study of 2,780 cases and 47,486 controls identified 12 genome-wide-significant susceptibility loci for HCM. Single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability indicated a strong polygenic influence, especially for sarcomere-negative HCM. A genetic risk score showed substantial influence on the odds of HCM in a validation study, halving the odds in the lowest quintile and doubling them in the highest quintile, and also influenced phenotypic severity.

Genetic Contribution to Common Heart Failure—Not So Rare?
EM McNally et al, JAMA Cardiology, December 15, 2020 (Posted: Dec 17, 2020 8AM)

Dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underlie heart failure (HF) and often run in families. For these families, genetic testing provides risk stratification, which is especially important because some genes carry higher risk of arrhythmias, and the testing allows family members to be monitored and treated for early-phase disease. Genetic testing identifies the defective gene in 30% to 50% of families.

Genetic screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in large, asymptomatic military cohorts.
Brough Joe et al. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 2020 Feb (Posted: Feb 12, 2020 10AM)

Machine learning detection of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using a wearable biosensor
R Ueno et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, December 2019 (Posted: Dec 11, 2019 7AM)

Green et al. (June 24 issue)1 developed a machine learning classifier of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients using a noninvasive optical sensor incorporated in commercial smart watches. The study included 83 patients (19 patients with HCM and 64 healthy controls).

Association of Race With Disease Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
LA Eberly et al, JAMA Cardiology, December 4, 2019 (Posted: Dec 05, 2019 7AM)

Compared with white patients, black patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were diagnosed at a younger age, were less likely to have sarcomere mutations, and had worse symptoms. Inequities in health care access and delivery were associated with race, with lower rates of genetic testing and invasive septal reduction therapy.

Risk Prediction Model in Children With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Work in Progress.
Bonow Robert O et al. JAMA cardiology 2019 Aug (Posted: Aug 15, 2019 8AM)

Development of a Novel Risk Prediction Model for Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM Risk-Kids).
Norrish Gabrielle et al. JAMA cardiology 2019 Aug (Posted: Aug 15, 2019 8AM)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common mode of death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but there is no validated algorithm to identify those at highest risk. The study provides a new, validated risk stratification model for SCD in childhood HCM that can provide individualized estimates of risk at 5 years using available clinical risk factors.

Prevalence and clinical significance of red flags in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Limongelli Giuseppe et al. International journal of cardiology 2019 Jul (Posted: Jul 17, 2019 8AM)

Genetic Testing and Cascade Screening in Pediatric Long QT Syndrome and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Knight Linda M et al. Heart rhythm 2019 Jun (Posted: Jun 26, 2019 8AM)

The efficacy of cascade screening for the inherited heart conditions long QT syndrome (LQTS) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is incompletely characterized. This study examined the use of genetic testing and yield of cascade screening across diverse regions in the US, and evaluated obstacles to screening in multipayor systems.

Machine learning detection of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using a wearable biosensor
EM Green et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, June 24, 2019 (Posted: Jun 24, 2019 10AM)

Family screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Is it time to change practical guidelines?
Lafreniere-Roula Myriam et al. European heart journal 2019 Jun (Posted: Jun 12, 2019 7AM)

A validation study of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines for risk stratification of sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Norrish Gabrielle et al. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2019 Jun (Posted: Jun 05, 2019 10AM)

Genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children.
Rupp Stefan et al. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2019 Mar 108(3) 282-289 (Posted: Jun 05, 2019 10AM)

Sudden Cardiac Death Risk in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Wither Our Cognitive Miser.
Ommen Steve R et al. JAMA cardiology 2019 May (Posted: May 27, 2019 5PM)

Enhanced American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Strategy for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in High-Risk Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Maron Martin S et al. JAMA cardiology 2019 May (Posted: May 27, 2019 5PM)

Evaluating the Clinical Validity of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genes.
Ingles Jodie et al. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2019 Jan (Posted: Jan 30, 2019 9AM)

Quantitative approaches to variant classification increase the yield and precision of genetic testing in Mendelian diseases: the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
R Walsh et al, Genome Medicine, January 29, 2019 (Posted: Jan 30, 2019 9AM)

Analysis of 51 proposed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes from genome sequencing data in sarcomere negative cases has negligible diagnostic yield.
Thomson Kate L et al. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2018 Dec (Posted: Dec 12, 2018 9AM)

Genetic Testing and Counseling for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Cirino Allison L et al. Cardiology clinics 2019 Feb 37(1) 35-43 (Posted: Nov 19, 2018 9AM)

Modeling Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Dish
NIH Director's Blog, November 8, 2018 Brand (Posted: Nov 08, 2018 11AM)

Clinical predictors of informative genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Naraen Akriti et al. European journal of preventive cardiology 2018 Oct 2047487318808044 (Posted: Oct 24, 2018 9AM)

Effect of Gender and Genetic Mutations on Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
van Velzen Hannah G et al. The American journal of cardiology 2018 Sep (Posted: Oct 10, 2018 7AM)

Exercise Training for Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: JACC Review Topic of the Week.
Dias Katrin A et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2018 Sep 72(10) 1157-1165 (Posted: Sep 05, 2018 9AM)

Disclosure of diagnosis to at-risk relatives by individuals diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
Hudson Janella et al. Journal of community genetics 2018 Aug (Posted: Aug 22, 2018 11AM)

Clinical Course and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Maron Barry J et al. The New England journal of medicine 2018 Aug (7) 655-668 (Posted: Aug 16, 2018 8AM)

Whole Genome Sequencing in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
American College Cardiology, July 17, 2018 (Posted: Jul 18, 2018 1PM)

Whole Genome Sequencing Improves Outcomes of Genetic Testing in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
RD Bagnall et al, JACC, July 2018 (Posted: Jul 17, 2018 9AM)

[Genetic tests in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Benefits, limitations, and applications in clinical practice].
Gómez Arraiz I et al. Semergen 2018 May (Posted: Jun 11, 2018 11AM)

Defining the diagnostic effectiveness of genes for inclusion in panels: the experience of two decades of genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at a single center
F. Mazzaratto et al, Genetics in Medicine, June 6, 2018 (Posted: Jun 06, 2018 8AM)

Outcomes of Contemporary Family Screening in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
van Velzen Hannah G et al. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2018 Apr 11(4) e001896 (Posted: Apr 18, 2018 10AM)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Update.
Geske Jeffrey B et al. JACC. Heart failure 2018 Apr (Posted: Apr 18, 2018 10AM)

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Identification of cause and risk stratification through exome sequencing.
Biswas Amitabh et al. Gene 2018 Mar (Posted: Mar 27, 2018 1PM)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Past, Present and Future.
Liew Alphonsus C et al. Journal of clinical medicine 2017 Dec 6(12) (Posted: Dec 13, 2017 9AM)

Evaluation of the Mayo Clinic Phenotype-Based Genotype Predictor Score in Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Murphy Sinead L et al. Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2016 Apr 9(2) 153-61 (Posted: Nov 07, 2017 0PM)

A Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing to Multigene Panel Testing in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients.
Cirino Allison L et al. Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics 2017 Oct 10(5) (Posted: Oct 18, 2017 11AM)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Gene Testing: Go Big?
Puckelwartz Megan J et al. Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics 2017 Oct 10(5) (Posted: Oct 18, 2017 11AM)

Genetic tests in the assessment of patients and at-risk relatives: The example of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Saraiva Jorge Manuel et al. Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 2017 36(3) 167-168 (Posted: Aug 23, 2017 9AM)

Genetic testing impacts the utility of prospective familial screening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through identification of a nonfamilial subgroup.
Ko Carol et al. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2017 Jun (Posted: Jun 28, 2017 10AM)

Genetic testing impacts the utility of prospective familial screening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through identification of a nonfamilial subgroup
C Ko et al, Genetics in Medicine, June 22, 2017 (Posted: Jun 23, 2017 11AM)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Childhood: Risk Management Through Family Screening.
Munk Kim et al. The Journal of pediatrics 2017 May (Posted: May 24, 2017 9AM)

Attitudes, knowledge and consequences of uncertain genetic findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C Burns et al, Eur J Human Genetics, May 3, 2017 (Posted: May 03, 2017 10AM)

Effect of Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training on Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy A Randomized Clinical Trial
S Saberi et al, JAMA, March 17, 2017 (Posted: Mar 20, 2017 4PM)

Moderate exercise may be beneficial for HCM patients
Science Magazine, March 17, 2017 (Posted: Mar 17, 2017 3PM)

Usefulness of Genetic Testing in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: an Analysis Using Real-World Data.
Alejandra Restrepo-Cordoba M et al. Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2017 Jan (Posted: Feb 01, 2017 11AM)

The Role of Genetic Testing in the Identification of Young Athletes with Inherited Primitive Cardiac Disorders at Risk of Exercise Sudden Death.
Tiziano Francesco Danilo et al. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 2016 28 (Posted: Oct 16, 2016 8AM)

Cautionary Tale Of Genetic Testing: You May Drop Dead! Oops, Never Mind
C Goldberg, WBUR, AUgust 18, 2016 (Posted: Aug 21, 2016 2PM)

Value of Genetic Testing for the Prediction of Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
van Velzen Hannah G et al. The American journal of cardiology 2016 Jun (Posted: Aug 03, 2016 9AM)

Comprehensive Versus Targeted Genetic Testing in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Bales Nathan D et al. Pediatric cardiology 2016 Mar (Posted: Mar 09, 2016 9AM)

How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Became a Contemporary Treatable Genetic Disease With Low Mortality
BJ Marron, JAMA Cardiology, March 2016 (Posted: Mar 04, 2016 10AM)

Diagnostic impact of genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The story of two families.
Lorca Rebeca et al. International journal of cardiology 2015 Dec 205161-162 (Posted: Jan 13, 2016 2PM)

Genotype-phenotype Correlations of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy When Diagnosed in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.
Loar Robert W et al. Congenit Heart Dis 2015 Jun 10. (Posted: Aug 21, 2015 10AM)

Sports and Exercise in Athletes with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Alpert Craig et al. Clin Sports Med 2015 Jul (3) 489-505 (Posted: Jul 18, 2015 7PM)

Angina
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

What Is Angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. Angina isn't a disease; it's a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is the most common type of heart disease in adults. It occurs if a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up on the inner walls of your coronary arteries. These arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart. Plaque Buildup in an Artery Figure A shows a normal artery with normal blood flow. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal artery. Figure B shows an artery with plaque buildup. The inset image shows a cross-section of an artery with plaque buildup.Figure A shows a normal artery with normal blood flow. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal artery. Figure B shows an artery with plaque buildup. The inset image shows a cross-section of an artery with plaque buildup. Plaque narrows and stiffens the coronary arteries. This reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, causing chest pain. Plaque buildup also makes it more likely that blood clots will form in your arteries. Blood clots can partially or completely block blood flow, which can cause a heart attack. Angina also can be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). This is heart disease that affects the heart?s smallest coronary arteries. In coronary MVD, plaque doesn't create blockages in the arteries like it does in CHD. Studies have shown that coronary MVD is more likely to affect women than men. Coronary MVD also is called cardiac syndrome X and nonobstructive CHD. Types of Angina The major types of angina are stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), and microvascular. Knowing how the types differ is important. This is because they have different symptoms and require different treatments. Stable Angina Stable angina is the most common type of angina. It occurs when the heart is working harder than usual. Stable angina has a regular pattern. (?Pattern? refers to how often the angina occurs, how severe it is, and what factors trigger it.) If you have stable angina, you can learn its pattern and predict when the pain will occur. The pain usually goes away a few minutes after you rest or take your angina medicine. Stable angina isn't a heart attack, but it suggests that a heart attack is more likely to happen in the future. Unstable Angina Unstable angina doesn't follow a pattern. It may occur more often and be more severe than stable angina. Unstable angina also can occur with or without physical exertion, and rest or medicine may not relieve the pain. Unstable angina is very dangerous and requires emergency treatment. This type of angina is a sign that a heart attack may happen soon. Variant (Prinzmetal's) Angina Variant angina is rare. A spasm in a coronary artery causes this type of angina. Variant angina usually occurs while you're at rest, and the pain can be severe. It usually happens between midnight and early morning. Medicine can relieve this type of angina. Microvascular Angina Microvascular angina can be more severe and last longer than other types of angina. Medicine may not relieve this type of angina. Overview Experts believe that nearly 7 million people in the United States suffer from angina. The condition occurs equally among men and women. Angina can be a sign of CHD, even if initial tests don't point to the disease. However, not all chest pain or discomfort is a sign of CHD. Other conditions also can cause chest pain, such as: ?Pulmonary embolism (a blockage in a lung artery) ?A lung infection ?Aortic dissection (tearing of a major artery) ?Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the heart?s aortic valve) ?Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (KAR-de-o-mi-OP-ah-thee; heart muscle disease) ?Pericarditis (inflammation in the tissues that surround the heart) ?A panic attack All chest pain should be checked by a doctor. Other Names ?Acute coronary syndrome ?Angina pectoris ?Chest pain ?Coronary artery spasms ?Microvascular angina ?Prinzmetal's angina ?Stable or common angina ?Unstable angina ?Variant angina

Cardiomyopathy
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

What Is Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases have many causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue. As cardiomyopathy worsens, the heart becomes weaker. It's less able to pump blood through the body and maintain a normal electrical rhythm. This can lead to heart failure or irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias. In turn, heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the lungs, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen. The weakening of the heart also can cause other complications, such as heart valve problems. Overview The types of cardiomyopathy are: ?Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ?Dilated cardiomyopathy ?Restrictive cardiomyopathy ?Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia ?Unclassified cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy can be acquired or inherited. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the disease, but you develop it due to another disease, condition, or factor. "Inherited" means your parents passed the gene for the disease on to you. Many times, the cause of cardiomyopathy isn't known. Cardiomyopathy can affect people of all ages. However, people in certain age groups are more likely to have certain types of cardiomyopathy. This article focuses on cardiomyopathy in adults. Outlook Some people who have cardiomyopathy have no signs or symptoms and need no treatment. For other people, the disease develops quickly, symptoms are severe, and serious complications occur. Treatments for cardiomyopathy include lifestyle changes, medicines, surgery, implanted devices to correct arrhythmias, and a nonsurgical procedure. These treatments can control symptoms, reduce complications, and stop the disease from getting worse. Other Names Other Names for Dilated Cardiomyopathy ?Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This term is used when overuse of alcohol causes the disease. ?Congestive cardiomyopathy. ?Diabetic cardiomyopathy. ?Familial dilated cardiomyopathy. ?Idiopathic cardiomyopathy. ?Ischemic cardiomyopathy. This term is used when coronary heart disease (also called coronary artery disease) or heart attack causes the disease. ?Peripartum cardiomyopathy. This term is used when the disease develops in a woman shortly before or after she gives birth. ?Primary cardiomyopathy. Other Names for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ?Asymmetric septal hypertrophy ?Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ?Hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy ?Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ?Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis Other Names for Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ?Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy ?Infiltrative cardiomyopathy Other Names for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ?Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ?Right ventricular cardiomyopathy ?Right ventricular dysplasia

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
From NCATS Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2011 0AM)


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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